Common Jack-bean
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Common_Jack-bean".

Canavalia ensiformis[1]
Conservation status
Secure
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Canavalia Species: C. ensiformis
Binomial name
Canavalia ensiformis L.verification needed

Canavalia ensiformis, or (Common) Jack-bean, is a legume which is used for animal fodder and human nutrition, especially in Brazil where it is called feijão-de-porco ("pig bean"). Is is also the source of concanavalin A.

Description

C. ensiformis is a twining plant up to one metre in height. It has deep roots, which makes it drought resistant. The plant can spread via long runners. The flowers are pink-purple in colour. The pods are up to 36 cm long with large white seeds.

Uses

The plant is not in large-scale commercial cultivation. The beans are mildly toxic, and copious consumption should be avoided. Boiling will, however, remove toxicity if done properly. Young foliage is also edible. The whole plant is used for fodder, although it cannot be used in fodder mixtures containing urea, since it contains large quantities of the enzyme urease, which liberates harmful ammonia from urea. For this reason C. ensiformis has been investigated as a potential source of the urease enzyme. It is also the source of concanavalin A, a lectin used in biotechnology applications, such as lectin affinity chromatography.

Names

C. ensiformis has numerous names in English. They include many that are misleading or ambiguous, being derived from comparing the Common Jack-bean to plants with similar seeds or fruit:

• Brazilian broad bean
• "Coffee bean"
• Chickasaw lima bean
• Ensiform bean
• "Horse bean" (actually Vicia faba)
• "Jack bean" (actually the entire genus Canavalia)
• Mole bean
• Overlook bean^{verification needed}
• Pearson bean
• "Sword bean" (actually Canavalia gladiata)
• Wonder bean

References

External links

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