Chimaera
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Chimaeras Fossil range: Devonian–Recent
Hydrolagus colliei
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Holocephali Order: Chimaeriformes
Families
See text for families, genera and species.

Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes. They are related to the sharks and rays, and are sometimes called ghost sharks, ratfish (not to be confused with the "rattails"), or rabbitfishes.

Chimaeras live in temperate ocean floors and grow up to two meters long. Like other members of the class Chondrichthyes, chimaeras have a skeleton constructed of cartilage. Their skin is smooth and lacks scales, and their color can range from black to brownish gray.

For defense, most chimaeras have a venomous spine located in front of the dorsal fin.

Chimaeras resemble sharks in some ways: they employ claspers for internal fertilization of females and they lay eggs with leathery cases. They differ from sharks in that their upper jaws are fused with their skulls; they have separate anal and urogenital openings; and they lack the many sharp and replaceable teeth of sharks, having instead a few large permanent grinding tooth plates.

Albino Puget Sound ratfish

A rare albino Puget Sound ratfish was discovered near Whidbey Island, Washington. It is the only pure albino among the 7.2 million specimens in the University of Washington's fish collection. ^[1]

Gallery

Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada.

Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada.

Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada.

Ratfish, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada.

Classification

In some classifications the chimaeras are included (as subclass Holocephali) in the class Chondrichthyes of cartilaginous fishes; in other systems this distinction may be raised to the level of class. Chimaeras also have some characteristics of bony fishes.

There are about forty species in six genera and three families:

Elephantfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus

Family Callorhinchidae

• Genus Callorhinchus
  • Elephant fish, Callorhinchus callorynchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cape elephantfish, Callorhinchus capensis (Duméril, 1865)
  • Australian ghost shark, Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823
• Genus Edaphodon
  • Edaphodon agassizi Buckland, 1835
  • Edaphodon antwerpiensis Leriche, 1926
  • Edaphodon bucklandi Agassiz, 1843
  • Edaphodon eyrensis Long, 1985
  • Edaphodon kawai Consoli, 2006
  • Edaphodon laqueatus Leidy, 1873
  • Edaphodon leptognathus - (has not been formally classified) Agassiz
  • Edaphodon minor
  • Edaphodon mirabilis - (has not been formally classified)
  • Edaphodon mirificus Leidy, 1856
  • Edaphodon sedgwicki
  • Edaphodon smocki Cope
  • Edaphodon stenobryus Cope
  • Edaphodon tripartitus Cope

Chimaera monstrosa

Family Chimaeridae

• Genus Chimaera
  • Chimaera cubana Howell Rivero, 1936
  • Chimaera jordani Tanaka, 1905
  • Carpenter's chimaera, Chimaera lignaria Didier, 2002
  • Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758
  • Chimaera owstoni Tanaka, 1905
  • Chimaera panthera Didier, 1998
  • Silver chimaera, Chimaera phantasma Jordan & Snyder, 1900

Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis

• Genus Hydrolagus
  • Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis (de Brito Capello, 1868)
  • African chimaera, Hydrolagus africanus (Gilchrist, 1922)
  • Hydrolagus alberti Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951
  • Hydrolagus alphus Quaranta et al., 2006.^[2]
  • Hydrolagus barbouri (Garman, 1908)
  • Pale ghost shark, Hydrolagus bemisi Didier, 2002
  • Spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett, 1839)
  • Philippine chimaera, Hydrolagus deani (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)
  • Hydrolagus eidolon (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925)
  • Blackfin ghostshark, Hydrolagus lemures (Whitley, 1939)
  • Hydrolagus macrophthalmus de Buen, 1959
  • Hydrolagus matallanasi Sotto & Vooren, 2004
  • Hydrolagus mccoskeri
  • Hydrolagus media (Garman, 1911).
  • Large-eyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus mirabilis (Collett, 1904)
  • Spookfish, Hydrolagus mitsukurii (Jordan & Snyder, 1904).
  • Dark ghost shark, Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (Fowler, 1911)
  • Hydrolagus ogilbyi (Waite, 1898)
  • Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy & Stehmann, 1990
  • Purple chimaera, Hydrolagus purpurescens (Gilbert, 1905)
  • Pointy-nosed blue chimaera, Hydrolagus trolli Didier & Séret, 2002
  • Hydrolagus waitei Fowler, 1908

Family Rhinochimaeridae

• Genus Harriotta
  • Smallspine spookfish, Harriotta haeckeli Karrer, 1972
  • Narrownose chimaera, Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean, 1895.
    

    

    Narrownose chimaera, Harriotta raleighana
• Genus Neoharriotta
  • Neoharriotta carri Bullis & Carpenter, 1966
  • Sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata (Schnakenbeck, 1931)
  • Neoharriotta pumila Didier & Stehmann, 1996
• Genus Rhinochimaera
  • Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann & Ebert, 1990
  • Spearnose chimaera, Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909
  • Pacific spookfish, Rhinochimaera pacifica (Mitsukuri, 1895)

References

• "Chimaeriformes". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.

1. ^ Scientists discover rare albino ratfish
2. ^ Quaranta et al. (2006). "A new species of chimaeroid, Hydrolagus alphus sp. nov. (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from the Galapagos Islands". Zootaxa 1377: 33–45.