CXCL1
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "CXCL1".

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)
PDB rendering based on 1mgs.
Available structures: 1mgs, 1msg, 1msh
Identifiers
Symbols	CXCL1; GRO1; GROa; MGSA; MGSA alpha; MGSA-a; NAP-3; SCYB1
External IDs	OMIM: 155730 MGI: 3037818 HomoloGene: 84701
Gene ontology Molecular function: • chemokine activity • enzyme activator activity • growth factor activity Cellular component: • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process: • chemotaxis • inflammatory response • immune response • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • intracellular signaling cascade • nervous system development • cell proliferation • negative regulation of cell proliferation • actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2919	330122
Ensembl	ENSG00000163739	ENSMUSG00000029379
Uniprot	P09341	n/a
Refseq	NM_001511 (mRNA) NP_001502 (protein)	NM_203320 (mRNA) NP_976065 (protein)
Location	Chr 4: 74.95 - 74.97 Mb	Chr 5: 91.86 - 91.86 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, Neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MSGA-α). It is secreted by human melanoma cells, has mitogenic properties and is implicated in melanoma pathogenesis.^[1][2] CXCL1 is expressed by macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells,^[3][4] and has neutrophil chemoattractant activity.^[5][6] CXCL1 plays a role in spinal cord development by inhibiting the migration of oligodendrocyte precursors and is involved in the processes of angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and tumorigenesis.^{[7][8][9][10]} This chemokine elicits its effects by signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2.^[7] The gene for CXCL1 is located on human chromosome 4 amongst genes for other CXC chemokines.^[11]

References

1. ^ Anisowicz, A., Bardwell, L., Sager, R. Constitutive overexpression of a growth-regulated gene in transformed Chinese hamster and human cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 7188-7192, 1987.
2. ^ Richmond, A., Thomas, H. G. (1988) Melanoma growth stimulatory activity: isolation from human melanoma tumors and characterization of tissue distribution J. Cell. Biochem. 36,185-198
3. ^ Iida N, Grotendorst GR. Cloning and sequencing of a new gro transcript from activated human monocytes: expression in leukocytes and wound tissue. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;10(10):5596-9.
4. ^ Becker S, Quay J, Koren HS, Haskill JS. Constitutive and stimulated MCP-1, GRO alpha, beta, and gamma expression in human airway epithelium and bronchoalveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol. 1994 Mar;266(3 Pt 1):L278-86.
5. ^ Moser B, Clark-Lewis I, Zwahlen R, Baggiolini M. Neutrophil-activating properties of the melanoma growth-stimulatory activity. J Exp Med. 1990 May 1;171(5):1797-802.
6. ^ Schumacher C, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B. High- and low-affinity binding of GRO alpha and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 to interleukin 8 receptors on human neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10542-6.
7. ^ ^{a b} Tsai, H.-H., Frost, E., To, V., Robinson, S., ffrench-Constant, C., Geertman, R., Ransohoff, R.M., Miller, R.H. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 controls positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. Cell 110: 373-383, 2002.
8. ^ Devalaraja, R. M., Nanney, L. B., Du, J., Qian, Q., Yu, Y., Devalaraja, M. N., Richmond, A. (2000) Delayed wound healing in CXCR2 knockout mice J. Investig. Dermatol. 115,234-244
9. ^ Haghnegahdar, H., Du, J., Wang, D., Strieter, R. M., Burdick, M. D., Nanney, L. B., Cardwell, N., Luan, J., Shattuck-Brandt, R., Richmond, A. (2000) The tumorigenic and angiogenic effects of MGSA/GRO proteins in melanoma J. Leukoc. Biol. 67,53-62
10. ^ Owen, J. D., Strieter, R., Burdick, M., Haghnegahdar, H., Nanney, L., Shattuck-Brandt, R., Richmond, A. (1997) Enhanced tumor-forming capacity for immortalized melanocytes expressing melanoma growth stimulatory activity/growth-regulated cytokine beta and gamma proteins Int. J. Cancer 73,94-103
11. ^ Richmond, A., Balentien, E., Thomas, H.G., Flaggs, G., Barton, D.E., Spiess, J., Bordoni, R., Francke, U., Derynck, R. Molecular characterization and chromosomal mapping of melanoma growth stimulatory activity, a growth factor structurally related to beta-thromboglobulin. EMBO J. 7: 2025-2033, 1988.