content
C-Fos
In molecular biology , c-Fos is a cellular proto-oncogene belonging to the immediate early gene family of transcription factors . c-Fos has a leucine-zipper DNA binding domain, and a transactivation domain at the C-terminus . Transcription of c-Fos is upregulated in response to many extracellular signals, e.g. growth factors . Additionally, phosphorylation by MAPK , PKA , PKC or cdc2 alters the activity and stability of c-Fos. Members of the Fos family dimerise with Jun to form the AP-1 transcription factor, which upregulates transcription of a diverse range of genes involved in everything from proliferation and differentiation to defense against invasion and cell damage.
The AP-1 complex has been implemented in transformation and progression of cancer , and both Fos and Jun were first discovered in rat fibroblasts .
The viral homologue of c-Fos, v-Fos , is found in the retrovirus Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine osteogenic sarcoma virus .
Neuroscientists measure expression of c-fos as an indirect marker of neuronal activity because c-fos is often expressed when neurons fire action potentials.
See also
Further reading
Murphy LC, Alkhalaf M, Dotzlaw H, et al. (1994). "Regulation of gene expression in T-47D human breast cancer cells by progestins and antiprogestins.". Hum. Reprod. 9 Suppl 1 : 174–80. PMID 7962462 . Pompeiano M, Cirelli C, Arrighi P, Tononi G (1997). "c-Fos expression during wakefulness and sleep.". Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology 25 (6): 329–41. doi :10.1016/0987-7053(96)84906-9 PMID 8904195 . Herrera DG, Robertson HA (1997). "Activation of c-fos in the brain.". Prog. Neurobiol. 50 (2-3): 83–107. PMID 8971979 . Velazquez Torres A, Gariglio Vidal P (2002). "[Possible role of transcription factor AP1 in the tissue-specific regulation of human papillomavirus]". Rev. Invest. Clin. 54 (3): 231–42. PMID 12183893 .
References
Karin Milde-Langosch, 2005. The Fos family of transcription factors and their role in tumourigenesis. European Journal of Cancer 41 (16):2449-2461. Abstract + Full Text
External links
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors
(1) Basic domains
Activating transcription factor (
AATF ,
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 ) •
AP-1 (
c-Fos ,
FOSB ,
FOSL1 ,
FOSL2 ,
c-Jun ,
JUNB ,
JUND ) •
BACH (
1 ,
2 ) •
BATF •
BLZF1 •
C/EBP (
α ,
β ,
γ ,
δ ,
ε ,
ζ ) •
CREB (
1 ,
3 ,
L1 ) •
CREM •
DBP •
DDIT3 •
GABPA •
HLF •
MAF (
B ,
F ,
G ,
K ) •
NFE (
2 ,
L1 ,
L2 ) •
NRL •
NRF1 •
XBP1
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (
bHLH )
ATOH1 •
AhR •
AHRR •
ARNT •
ASCL1 •
BHLHB2 •
BMAL (
ARNTL ,
ARNTL2 ) •
CLOCK •
EPAS1 •
HAND (
1 ,
2 ) •
HES (
5 ,
6 ) •
HEY (
1 ,
2 ,
L ) •
HES1 •
HIF (
1A ,
3A ) •
ID (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ) •
LYL1 •
MXD4 •
MYCL1 •
MYCN •
Myogenic regulatory factors (
MyoD ,
Myogenin ,
MYF5 ,
MYF6 ) •
Neurogenins •
NeuroD (
1 ,
2 ) • NPAS (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
OLIG (
1 ,
2 ) •
Scleraxis •
TAL1 •
Twist •
USF1
(1.4) NF-1
(1.5) RF-X
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
subfamily 1 (
Thyroid hormone (
α ,
β ),
CAR ,
FXR ,
LXR (
α ,
β ),
PPAR (
α ,
β/δ ,
γ ),
PXR ,
RAR (
α ,
β ,
γ ),
ROR (
α ,
β ,
γ ),
Rev-ErbA (
α ,
β ),
VDR )
subfamily 2 (
COUP-TF (
I ,
II ),
Ear-2 ,
HNF4 (
α ,
γ ),
PNR ,
RXR (
α ,
β ,
γ ),
Testicular receptor (
2 ,
4 ),
TLX )
subfamily 3 (
Steroid hormone (
Androgen ,
Estrogen (
α ,
β ),
Glucocorticoid ,
Mineralocorticoid ,
Progesterone ),
Estrogen related (
α ,
β ,
γ ))
subfamily 4 NUR (
NGFIB ,
NOR1 ,
NURR1 ) •
subfamily 5 (
LRH-1 ,
SF1 ) •
subfamily 6 (
GCNF ) •
subfamily 0 (
DAX1 ,
SHP )
(2.2) Other Cys4
(2.3) Cys2 His2
General transcription factors (
TFIIA ,
TFIIB ,
TFIID ,
TFIIE ,
TFIIF (
1 ,
2 ),
TFIIH (
1 ,
2 ,
4 ,
2I ,
3A ,
3C1 ,
3C2 ))
ATBF1 •
BCL (
6 ,
11A ,
11B ) •
CTCF •
E4F1 •
EGR (
2 ,
3 ) •
ERV3 •
GFI1 •
GLI-Krüppel family (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
YY1 ) •
HIC (
1 ,
2 ) •
HIVEP (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
IKZF (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
ILF (
2 ,
3 ) •
KLF (
2 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
9 ,
10 ,
11 ,
12 ,
13 ) •
MTF1 •
MYT1 •
OSR1 •
SP (
1 ,
2 ,
4 ,
7 ) •
Zbtb7 (
7A ,
7B ) •
ZBTB (
16 ,
17 ,
20 ,
32 ,
33 ,
40 ) •
zinc finger (
3 ,
7 ,
9 ,
10 ,
19 ,
22 ,
24 ,
33B ,
34 ,
35 ,
41 ,
43 ,
44 ,
51 ,
74 ,
143 ,
146 ,
148 ,
165 ,
202 ,
217 ,
219 ,
238 ,
239 ,
259 ,
267 ,
268 ,
281 ,
295 ,
318 ,
330 ,
346 ,
350 ,
365 ,
366 ,
384 ,
451 ,
452 ,
471 ,
593 ,
638 ,
649 ,
655 )
(2.4) Cys6
(2.5) Alternating composition
(3) Helix-turn-helix domains
ARX •
CDX (
1 ,
2 ) •
CRX •
CUTL1 •
DLX (
3 ,
4 ,
5 ) •
EMX2 •
EN (
1 ,
2 ) •
FHL (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
HESX1 •
HHEX •
HLX •
Homeobox (
A1 ,
A3 ,
A4 ,
A5 ,
A7 ,
A9 ,
A10 ,
A11 ,
A13 ,
B1 ,
B2 ,
B3 ,
B4 ,
B5 ,
B6 ,
B7 ,
B8 ,
B9 ,
B13 ,
C4 ,
C5 ,
C6 ,
C8 ,
C9 ,
C10 ,
C11 ,
C13 ,
D1 ,
D3 ,
D4 ,
D8 ,
D9 ,
D10 ,
D11 ,
D12 ,
D13 ) •
HOPX •
MEIS (
1 ,
2 ) •
MEOX2 •
MNX1 •
MSX (
1 ,
2 ) •
NANOG •
NKX (
2-1 ,
2-2 ,
2-3 ,
2-5 ,
3-1 ,
3-2 ) •
PBX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
PHF (
1 ,
3 ,
6 ,
8 ,
10 ,
16 ,
17 ,
20 ,
21A ) •
PITX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
POU domain (
PIT-1 ,
BRN-3 :
A ,
B ,
C ,
Octamer transcription factor :
1 ,
2 ,
3/4 ,
6 ,
7 ,
11 ) •
OTX (
1 ,
2 ) •
PDX1
(3.2) Paired box
E2F (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ) •
FOX proteins (
C1 ,
C2 ,
E1 ,
G1 ,
H1 ,
K2 ,
L2 ,
M1 ,
N3 ,
O1A ,
O3A ,
O4 ,
P1 ,
P2 ,
P3 )
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
ELF (
4 ,
5 ) •
EGF •
ELK (
1 ,
3 ,
4 ) •
ERF •
ERG •
ETS (
1 ,
2 ,
SPIB ) •
ETV (
1 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ) •
FLI1 •
Interferon regulatory factors (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 ,
8 ) •
MYB •
MYBL2
(3.6) TEA domain
transcriptional enhancer factor 1 ,
2
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(4.1) Rel homology region
(4.3) p53
HMGB (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ) •
HNF (
1A ,
1B ) •
LEF1 •
SOX (
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
8 ,
9 ,
10 ,
11 ,
12 ,
13 ,
14 ,
15 ,
18 ,
21 ) •
SRY •
SSRP1
(4.10) Cold-shock domain
(4.11) Runt
(0) Other transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y)
(0.6) Miscellaneous
ARID (
1A ,
1B ,
2 ,
3A ,
3B ,
4A ) •
CAP •
IFI (
16 ,
35 ) •
MLL (
2 ,
3 ,
T1 ) •
MNDA •
NFI (
A ,
B ,
C ,
X ) •
NFY (
A ,
B ,
C ) •
Rho /
Sigma •
R-SMAD
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