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| Biceps femoris | |
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| Lateral aspect of right leg. Biceps femoris muscle long head labeled | |
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| Same picture with the visible part of the short head beneath the long head labeled | |
| Latin | musculus biceps femoris |
| Gray's | subject #128 478 |
| Origin | tuberosity of the ischium, linea aspera, femur |
| Insertion | the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle |
| Artery | inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery |
| Nerve | long head: tibial nerve short head: common peroneal nerve |
| Action | flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only) |
| Antagonist | Quadriceps muscle |
| Dorlands /Elsevier |
m_22/12548483 |
The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group.
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Origin and insertion
It has two heads of origin;
- one, the long head, arises from the lower and inner impression on the back part of the tuberosity of the ischium, by a tendon common to it and the semitendinosus, and from the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament;
- the other, the short head, arises from the lateral lip of the linea aspera, between the adductor magnus and vastus lateralis, extending up almost as high as the insertion of the gluteus maximus; from the lateral prolongation of the linea aspera to within 5 cm. of the lateral condyle; and from the lateral intermuscular septum.
The fibers of the long head form a fusiform belly, which passes obliquely downward and lateralward across the sciatic nerve to end in an aponeurosis which covers the posterior surface of the muscle, and receives the fibers of the short head; this aponeurosis becomes gradually contracted into a tendon, which is inserted into the lateral side of the head of the fibula, and by a small slip into the lateral condyle of the tibia.
At its insertion the tendon divides into two portions, which embrace the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint.
From the posterior border of the tendon a thin expansion is given off to the fascia of the leg. The tendon of insertion of this muscle forms the lateral hamstring; the common peroneal nerve descends along its medial border.
Action
Both heads of the Bicep Femoris perform knee flexion. Since the long head originates in the pelvis it is also involved in hip extension. The long head of the bicep femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended (because of active insufficiency). For the same reason the long head is a weaker hip extender when the knee is flexed.
When the knee is semi flexed, the Biceps femoris in consequence of its oblique direction rotates the leg slightly outward
Variations
The short head may be absent; additional heads may arise from the ischial tuberosity, the linea aspera, the medial supracondylar ridge of the femur, or from various other parts.
A slip may pass to the gastrocnemius.
Additional images
 Right hip bone. External surface. |
 Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface. |
 Cross-section through the middle of the thigh. |
 Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions. |
 The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries. |
 Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view. |
 Back of left lower extremity. |
See also
External links
- LUC bfem
- -865402803 at GPnotebook
- UWash - long head
- UWash - short head
- SUNY Labs 14:06-0100
- SUNY Labs 14:st-0402
- Anatomy at Dartmouth knee/surface/surface4
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
