Assam silk denotes the three major types of indigenous silks produced in Assam—golden Muga, white Pat and warm Eri silk. The Assam silk industry, now centered in Sualkuchi, is a labor intensive industry.
Muga silk
Muga Silkworms on a Som tree.
Muga silk is the product of the silkworm Antherea assamensis endemic to Assam. The pupa of these silkworms feed on som (Machilus bombycina) and sualu (Litsaea polyantha) leaves. The silk produced is known for its glossy fine texture and durability. Due to its low porosity the Muga yarn cannot be bleached nor dyed and its natural golden color is retained. This silk can be hand-washed with its luster increasing after every wash. Very often the silk outlives its owner.
Pat silk is produced by silkworms which feed on mulberry leaves. It is usually brilliant white or off-white in colour.It's cloth can dry in shadow.
Eri silk
Eri silk is made by "Philosamia ricini" which feed on castor leaves. It is also known as Endi or Errandi silk. Due to the fact that manufacturing process of Eri allows the pupae to develop into adults and only the open ended cocoons are used for turning into silk , it is also popularly known as non-violent silk. This silk is soft and warm and is popular as shawls and quilts.
