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| Archi | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Archi, Dagestan, Russia | |
| Total speakers: | 1,000 | |
| Language family: | North-East Caucasian Lezgian Archi |
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | None | |
| ISO 639-2: | cau | |
| ISO 639-3: | aqc | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Archi is a Caucasian language spoken by the 1,000 Archis in the village of Archi, southern Dagestan, Russia. It contrasts a voiceless velar lateral fricative with voiceless and ejective velar lateral affricates.
The classification of the Archi language has not been definitively established. Peter von Uslar felt it should be considered a variant of the Avar language, but Roderich von Erckert saw it is closer to Lak. The language has also been considered as a separate entity that could be placed somewhere between Avar and Lak. The Italian linguist, Trombetti, placed the Archi language within the Avar-Ando-Dido group, but today the most widely recognized opinion follows that of the Soviet scholar, E. Bokarev, who regards Archi as one of the Lezgian-Samur group of the Dagestan languages.
Contents |
Alphabet
| А а | Аа аа | АI аI | АаI ааI | ы | Б б | В в | Г г |
| Гв гв | Гь гь | Гъ гъ | Гъв гъв | ГъI гъI | ГъIв гъIв | ГI гI | Д д |
| е | ее | еI | Ж ж | Жв жв | З з | Зв зв | И и |
| Ии ии | ИI иI | Й й | К к | кк | Кв кв | ккв | КI кI |
| КIв кIв | Къ къ | Къв къв | ккъ | КъI къI | ккъI | КъIв къIв | КкъIв ккъIв |
| Кь кь | Кьв кьв | Л л | Лъ лъ | Ллъ ллъ | Лъв лъв | Ллъв ллъв | ЛI лI |
| ЛIв лIв | М м | Н н | О о | Оо оо | ОI оI | ооI | П п |
| Пп пп | ПI пI | Р р | С с | Сс сс | Св св | Т т | Тт тт |
| ТI тI | Тв твI | У у | Уу уу | УI уI | Х х | Хх хх | Хв хв |
| Ххв ххв | ХI хI | ХьI хьI | ХхьI ххьI | ХьIв хьIв | ХхьIв ххьIв | Хъ хъ | Хъв хъв |
| ХъI хъI | ХъIв хъIв | Ц ц | Цв цв | ЦI цI | ЦцI ццI | Ч ч | Чв чв |
| ЧI чI | ЧIв чIв | Ш ш | Щ щ | Шв шв | Щв щв | Э э | Ээ ээ |
| ЭI эI |
Phonology
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
| voiceless | p | t | k | ||||||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | ||||||
| Affricate | aspirated | ts | tʃ | kʟ̝̊ | |||||
| ejective | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʟ̝̊ʼ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | χ | ħ | h | |||
| voiceless lateral | ʟ̝̊ | ||||||||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ʑ | ʁ | ʕ | |||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
| Approximant | central | j | w | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||
References
- Dirr, A. M. (1908). "Arčinskij jazyk". Sbornik materialov dlja opisanija mestnostej i plemen Kavkaza. Tbilisi. (Russian)
- Kaxadze, O. I. (1979). The Archi language and its relation to other Daghestan languages. Tbilisi: Mecniereba. (Georgian)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1972). "O formal'nom vydelenii soglasovatel'nyx klassov v arčinskom jazyke". Voprosy jazykoznanija 1: 124–31. (Russian)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1977). Taksonomičeskaja grammatika. vol. 2 of Opyt strukturnogo opisanija arčinskogo jazyka. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo moskovskogo universiteta. (Russian)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1977). Dinamičeskaja grammatika. vol. 3 of Opyt strukturnogo opisanija arčinskogo jazyka. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo moskovskogo universiteta. (Russian)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1993). "Archi". in R. Smeets. Indigenous languages of the Caucasus. vol. 3. New York: Caravan Books. pp. 297–365. (English)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (1998). "Archi". in Andrew Spencer and Arnold M. Zwicky. The Handbook of Morphology. Blackwell Publishers. pp. 455–476. (English)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E.; Kodzasov, S. V., Olovjannikova, I. P. and Samedov, D. S. (1977). Arčinskij jazyk. Teksiy i slovari. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo moskovskogo universiteta. (Russian)
- Kibrik, Aleksandr E.; Kodzasov, S. V., Olovjannikova, I. P. and Samedov, D. S. (1977). Opyt strukturnogo opisanija arčinskogo jazyka. Tom 1. Leksika. Fonetika. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo moskovskogo universiteta. (Russian)
- Mikailov, K. Š. (1967). Arčinskij jazyk. Maxachkala. (Russian)
- Xajdakov, S. M. (1967). "Arčinskij jazyk". Jazyki narodov SSSR. vol. 4. Moscow: Nauka. (Russian)
External links
