Upon escaping, Adalbert traveled to Mainz, where he became abbot of Wissembourg in Alsace. Once there, he worked to improve the education of the monks. He later became archbishop of Magdeburg, a city in Saxony.
The archbishoprics of Hamburg and Bremen had been created with the intent that they would act as bases for missionary activity in Northern and Eastern Europe. The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was now designated to provide missionary programs for the Eastern European Slavs. Adalbert also established dioceses at Naumburg, Meißen, Merseburg, Brandenburg, Havelberg and Poznań in Poland. A student in Adalbert's time who went on to do important work among the Slavs was Vojtěch of Prague, later canonized as Saint Adalbert of Prague.