Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Acyl_CoA_dehydrogenase".

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase is the enzyme used to catalyze the first step of β-oxidation in Fatty acid metabolism.

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Reaction

The following reaction is the oxidation of the fatty acid by FAD.

The enzyme catalyzes the formation of a double bond between the C-2 and C-3. The end product is trans-Δ²-enoyl-CoA.

It is classified as EC 1.3.99.3.

It is made up of the following proteins:

Several of the units are classified by length, and some of those are associated with a particular metabolic disorder:

Unit	Chain	Disorder
ACADVL	very long chain	Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ("VLCAD")
ACADL	long chain	-
ACADM	C-4 to C-12 straight chain (medium chain)	Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ("MCAD")
ACADS	C-2 to C-3 short chain	Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ("SCAD")
ACADSB	short/branched chain	-

Other subunits include ACAD8, ACAD9, ACAD10 and ACAD11.

v • d • e Protein: flavoproteins

Acetolactate synthase - Acyl CoA dehydrogenase - Apoptosis-inducing factor - Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase - Cryptochrome - Cytochrome b5 reductase - Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase - Flavodoxin - Methemoglobin reductase - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase - NADH dehydrogenase - NADPH oxidase - Nitrate reductase - Sarcosine oxidase - Thioredoxin reductase

v • d • e Oxidoreductases: CH-CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3)

1.3.1. NAD/NADP acceptor	Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase - 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase - Biliverdin reductase - 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase

1.3.3. Oxygen acceptor	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase - Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase - Protoporphyrinogen oxidase -

1.3.5. Quinone	Succinate dehydrogenase

1.3.99. Other acceptors	Fumarate reductase - Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase - Acyl CoA dehydrogenase - 5-alpha reductase - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase

v • d • e Metabolism: lipid metabolism - triglyceride and fatty acid enzymes

Lipid production	ATP citrate lyase - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Fatty acid synthesis/Fatty acid synthase: Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase - Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase - 3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase - Enoyl ACP reductase triacyl glycerol: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Thiokinase

Lipid degradation	Acyl transport: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I - Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II Beta oxidation/Mitochondrial trifunctional protein: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL, ACADM, ACADS, ACADVL) - Enoyl-CoA hydratase - 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase - Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase to acetyl-CoA: Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase unsaturated (Enoyl CoA isomerase, 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase) odd chain (Propionyl-CoA carboxylase) aldehydes (Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase)

see also disorders

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