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| Boeing 737 Classic | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Role | Airliner |
| Manufacturer | Boeing Commercial Airplanes |
| First flight | 24 February 1984 |
| Introduction | 28 November 1984 with USAir |
| Status | Active |
| Produced | 1981 - 2000[1] |
| Number built | 1,998[1] |
| Developed from | Boeing 737 |
| Variants | Boeing 737 Next Generation |
The Boeing 737 Classic is the name given to the -300/-400/-500 series of the Boeing 737 after the introduction of the -600/700/800 series. They are American short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliners. The Classic series was introduced as the 'new generation' of the 737.[2] Produced from 1984 to 2000, 1,988 aircraft were delivered. As of 1 January 2001, 1,945 remain in service.[1]
Contents |
Development and design
After the success of the Boeing 737-200 Advanced, Boeing wanted to increase capacity and range, incorporating improvements to upgrade the plane to modern specifications, while also retaining commonality with previous 737 variants. Development began in 1979, and in 1980 preliminary aircraft specifications were released at the Farnborough Airshow.[3] In March 1981 USAir and Southwest Airlines each ordered 10 aircraft, with an option for 20 more.
The new series featured CFM56 turbofan engines, which yielded significant gains in fuel economy and a reduction in noise, but also posed an engineering challenge given the low ground clearance of the 737. Boeing and engine supplier CFMI solved the problem by placing the engine ahead of (rather than below) the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides (rather than the bottom) of the engine pod, giving the 737 a distinctive non-circular air intake.[4]
The wing incorporated a number of changes for improved aerodynamics. The wing tip was extended 9 in (23 cm). The leading-edge slots and trailing-edge flaps were adjusted.[4] The flight deck was improved with the optional EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrumentation System), and the passenger cabin incorporated improvements similar to those on the Boeing 757.
737-300
The prototype of the -300 rolled out of the Renton plant on 17 January 1984, and first flew on 24 February 1984.[5] After it received its flight certification on 14 November 1984, USAir received the first aircraft on 28 November.[1] A very popular aircraft, Boeing received 252 orders for it in 1985, and over 1000 throughout its production.[6] The 300 series remained in production until 1999 when the last aircraft was delivered to Air New Zealand on December 17, 1999, registration ZK-NGJ.
The 737-300 can be retrofitted with Aviation Partners Boeing winglets. The 737-300 retrofitted with winglets is designated the -300SP (special performance). Used passenger -300 aircraft have also been converted to freighter versions.
737-400
The 737-400 design was launched in 1985 to fill the gap between the 737-300 and the 757-200, and compete with the Airbus A320. It stretched the 737-300 another 10 ft (3.45 m) to carry up to 168 passengers, but was otherwise identical in size to the -300. It included a tail bumper to prevent tailscrapes during take-off (an early issue with the 757), and a strengthened wing spar. The airplane was also upgraded to a full glass cockpit as standard equipment. [7] The prototype rolled out on 26 January 1988, and flew for the first time on 19 February 1988.
The aircraft entered service on 15 September 1988 with launch customer Piedmont Airlines (25 aircraft ordered).[1]
The 737-400F was not a model delivered by Boeing but a converted 737-400 to an all cargo aircraft. Alaska Airlines was the first to convert one of their 400s from regular service to an aircraft with the ability to handle 10 pallets.[1] The airline has also converted two more into fixed combi aircraft for half passenger and freight. These 737-400 Combi aircraft are now in service.
737-500
The -500 series was offered, due to customer demand, as a modern and direct replacement of the 737-200. It incorporated the improvements of the 737 Classic series; allowing longer routes with fewer passengers to be more economical than with the 737-300. The fuselage length of the -500 is 1 ft 7 in (47 cm) longer than the 737-200, accommodating up to 132 passengers. Both glass and older style mechanical cockpits arrangements were available.[8] Using the CFM56-3 engine also gave a 25% increase in fuel efficiency over the older -200s P&W engines.[8]
The 737-500 was launched in 1987 by Southwest Airlines, with an order for 20 aircraft,[9] and flew for the first time on 30 June 1989.[8] A single prototype flew 375 hours for the certification process,[8] and on 28 February 1990 Southwest Airlines received the first delivery.[1] The 737-500 has become a favorite of some Russian airlines, with Aeroflot-Nord, S7 Airlines, and Rossiya Airlines all buying second-hand models of the aircraft to replace aging Soviet-built aircraft.
Operators
Civilian
Military
Many countries operate the 737 passenger and cargo variants in government or military applications.
- Australia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, India (Indian Air Force) , Indonesia, Kuwait, Mexico, Niger, Peru, South Korea, Taiwan (ROC's Air Force One), Thailand (Royal Thai Air Force), United Arab Emirates, United States (Air Force, Navy), Venezuela and Malaysia (Malaysian Air Force VIP).
- The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of the People's Republic of China operates a 737-300 (registered B-4052) as an airborne command post.
- The Indonesian Air Force uses a Boeing 737-2Q8 for VIP and VVIP transport and they also use 3 Boeing 737-2X9 Surveiller fitted with SLAMMAR (Side-looking Multi-mission Airborne Radar) for Maritime Patrol and AEWACS
Specifications
| Measurement | 737-300[10][11] | 737-400 | 737-500 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cockpit Crew | Two | ||
| Seating capacity | 149 (1-class, dense), 128 (1-class, standard) |
168 (1-class, dense), 159 (1-class, standard) |
123 (1-class, dense), 108 (1-class, standard)) |
| Seat Pitch | 31" | 30" (1-class, dense), 32" (1-class, standard) | |
| Seat width | 17.2" (1-class, 6 abreast seating) | ||
| Airplane Length | 33.4 m (109 ft 7 in) |
36.5 m (119 ft 6 in) |
31.1 m (101 ft 8 in) |
| Wingspan | 28.88 m (94 ft 9 in) |
28.9 m (94 ft 8 in) |
|
| Airplane Height | 11.13 m (36 ft 6 in) |
11.1 m (36 ft 5 in) |
|
| Wing Sweepback | 25° | ||
| Aspect Ratio | 9.11 | 9.16 | |
| Fuselage Width | 3.76 m (12 ft 4 in) | ||
| Fuselage Height | 4.11 m (13' 6") | ||
| Cabin Width | 3.54 m (11 ft 7 in) | ||
| Cabin Height | 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in) | ||
| Weight Empty | 32,700 kg (72,100 lb) |
33,200 kg (73,040 lb) |
31,300 kg (68,860 lb) |
| Maximum take-off weight | 62,820 kg (138,500 lb) |
68,050 kg (149,710 lb) |
60,550 kg (133,210 lb) |
| Maximum landing weight | 51,700 kg (114,000 lb) |
56,200 kg (124,000 lb) |
50,000 kg (110,000 lb) |
| Maximum zero-fuel weight | X kg (X lb) |
53,100 kg (117,000 lb) |
46,700 kg (103,000 lb) |
| Cargo Capacity | 23.3 m³ (822 ft³) |
38.9 m³ (1,373 ft³) |
23.3 m³ (822 ft³) |
| Takeoff run at MTOW | 2,300 m (4,700 ft) | 2,540 m (8,483 ft) | 2,470 m (8,249 ft) |
| Service Ceiling | 37,000 ft | ||
| Cruising speed (mach) | 0.745 | 0.74 | |
| Maximum speed (mach) | 0.82 | ||
| Range fully loaded | 4,204 km (2,270 NM) | 4,204 km (2,270 NM) | 4,444 km (2,402 NM) |
| Max. fuel capacity | 23,170 L 6,130 USG |
23,800 L 6,296 USG |
23,800 L 6,296 USG |
| Engine manufacturer | CFM International | ||
| Engine type (x2) | 56-3B-1 | 56-3B-2 | 56-3B-1 |
| Takeoff Thrust | 90 kN (20,000 lbf) | 98 kN (22,000 lbf) | 90 kN (20,000 lbf) |
| Cruising Thrust | 21,810 N (4,902 lbf) | 21,900 N (4,930 lbf) | 21,810 N (4,902 lbf) |
| Fan Tip Diameter | 1.52 m (60 in) | 1.52 m (60 in) | |
| Engine Bypass Ratio | 5.0:1 | 4.9:1 | 5.0:1 |
| Engine Length | 2.36 m (93 in) | ||
| Engine Weight (dry) | 2,409.5 kg (4,301 lb) | ||
| Engine Ground Clearance | 46 cm (18 in) | ||
Incidents and accidents
- January 8, 1989: Kegworth air disaster: British Midland Flight 92, using a 737-4Y0, crashed outside of East Midlands Airport. Of the 8 crew and 118 passengers, 47 passengers died.
- February 1, 1991: USAir Flight 1493, using a 737-3B7, collided with a SkyWest Airlines Fairchild Metro III while landing in Los Angeles. All of the people on the Fairchild Metro died while 20 passengers and 2 crew members out of 6 crew members and 83 passengers died on the 737.
- July 26, 1993: Asiana Airlines Flight 733, using a 737-5L9, crashed into a mountain, killing 68 of 110 occupants.
- September 8, 1994: USAir Flight 427, using a 737-3B7, lost control after a rudder malfunction and crashed outside of Pittsburgh International Airport, killing everyone on board.
- May 8, 1997: China Southern Airlines Flight 3456, using a 737-31B, crashed while landing in Shenzhen, killing 33 of 65 passengers and 2 of 9 crew members.
- December 19, 1997: SilkAir Flight 185, using a 737-36N, crashed into a river in Indonesia, killing everyone on board.
- September 16, 1998: Continental Airlines Flight 475, using a 737-524, received windshear while landing in Guadalajara, Mexico. None of the passengers and crew received injuries. The aircraft was written off.[14]
- April 7, 1999: Turkish Airlines Flight 5904, using a 737-4Q8 with six crew members, crashed in Turkey. All of the crew on board died; no passengers flew on that flight.
- March 5, 2000: Southwest Airlines Flight 1455, using a 737-3T5, overran the runway upon landing in Burbank, California, United States and crashed. All of the passengers and crew survived.
- March 3, 2001: Thai Airways International Flight 114, a 737-4D7 bound for Chiang Mai from Bangkok, was destroyed by an explosion of the center wing tank resulting from ignition of the flammable fuel/air mixture in the tank. The source of the ignition energy for the explosion could not be determined with certainty, but the most likely source was an explosion originating at the center wing tank pump as a result of running the pump in the presence of metal shavings and a fuel/air mixture. [2] One flight attendant died.[15]
- May 7, 2002: EgyptAir Flight 843, using a 737-566, crashed during approach to Tunis, Tunisia. 3 of 6 crew members and 11 of 56 passengers died.[16]
- January 3, 2004: Flash Airlines Flight 604, using a 737-3Q8, crashed into the Red Sea, killing everyone on board.
- June 9, 2005: 2005 Logan Airport runway incursion - A 737-3B7 operated by US Airways as US Airways Flight 1170 avoided collision with an Aer Lingus Airbus A330 at Logan Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- August 14, 2005: Helios Airways Flight 522, using a 737-31S, suffered a gradual decompression which incapacitated 5 of the 6 crew members and all of the 115 passengers. The plane circled around Greece before crashing into a hill, killing everyone on board.
- October 3, 2006: A man hijacked Turkish Airlines Flight 1476, Boeing 737-400. The aircraft landed in Italy and all of the passengers and crew survived.
- January 1, 2007: Adam Air Flight 574, using a 737-4Q8 with 96 passengers and 6 crew members, crashed off the coast of Sulawesi. All of the occupants died.
- February 21, 2007: Adam Air Flight 172, using a 737-33A, suffered a structural failure when landing at Juanda International Airport. All of the passengers and crew survived.
- March 7, 2007: Garuda Indonesia Flight 200, using a 737-497, crashed upon landing at Adisucipto International Airport. Out of 133 passengers and 7 crew members - 21 passengers and 1 crew member died.
- September 14, 2008 - Aeroflot-Nord Flight 821, using a 737-505, crashed shortly before arriving at its destination. Air Traffic Control lost contact with the plane at a height of around 1,100m. The airliner was flying from Moscow to Perm, Russian Federation, and reportedly caught fire mid-air before exploding. All 82 passengers and crew were killed.[17]
References
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Endres, 2001, p.129.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg. 7.
- ^ Endres, 2001, p.126.
- ^ a b Endres, 2001, p.128.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg.10.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg.7
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg. 13.
- ^ a b c d Shaw, 1999, pg 14.
- ^ Shaw, 1999, pg 40.
- ^ shaw, 1999, p 20.
- ^ Endres, 2001, p.126.
- ^ Boeing: Commercial Airplanes - 737 - Technical Information
- ^ Boeing: Commercial Airplanes - 737 737 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning
- ^ http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19980916-0
- ^ http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010303-1
- ^ http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020507-0
- ^ "Scores Die in Russian Plane Crash"
- Bibliography
- Endres, Günter. The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1125-0.
- Sharpe, Michael and Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 737-100 and 200. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-0991-4.
- Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 737-300 to 800]. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0699-0.
- Shaw, Robbie. Boeing Jetliners. London, England: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-8553-2528-4.
See also
Related development
- Boeing 737
- Boeing 737 Next Generation
- Boeing T-43
- Boeing Business Jet
- Boeing 737 AEW&C
- C-40 Clipper
- P-8 Poseidon
Comparable aircraft
- Airbus A320
- Boeing 717
- Bombardier CSeries
- Embraer E-Jets
- McDonnell Douglas DC-9
- McDonnell Douglas MD-80
- McDonnell Douglas MD-90
- Tupolev Tu-124
- Tupolev Tu-134
Related lists
External links
- 737 page on Boeing.com
- Boeing 737 technical guide site
- Boeing 737-300/400/500
- Celebrating the 5000th 737 on FlightInternational.com
- Boeing 737 Management Reference Guide (for 737 airline pilots)
- How to start a real Boeing 737 Tutorial
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