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Contemporary philosophy is the period in the history of philosophy that began at the end of the nineteenth century with the rise of analytic and continental philosophy and that extends into the present. Continental philosophy began with the work of Brentano, Husserl, and Reinach on the development of the philosophical method of phenomenology. This development was roughly contemporaneous with work by Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell inaugurating a new philosophical method based on the analysis of language via modern logic (thus the term "analytic philosophy").1
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Analytic philosophy
In English-speaking countries, academic analytic philosophy was pre-occupied with the later writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein and ordinary language.234 In Canada and the United States, pragmatism as practised by John Dewey also shared the philosophical scene with ordinary language.5 Philosophy in the Soviet Union was mostly nihilist, Marxist and neo-Marxist, such as Marxism-Leninism and Stalinism.6
Ordinary language philosophy declined in popularity in the 1970s, giving rise to an emphasis on the philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.7 Other analytic philosophers, such as Richard Rorty, even called for a major overhaul of the analytic philosophic.4
Continental philosophy
In Europe excluding Britain, process philosophy, existentialism and existential phenomenology were leading philosophical movements.91011
The 1960s and 1970s overturned the dominance of the aforementioned schools. The revival of the writings of Ferdinand de Saussure produced structuralism and its associated critics (poststructuralism, deconstruction), which occupies European philosophy today.12 The decline and subsequent fall of the Soviet Union also reduced the influence of Marxism in Soviet philosophy.6
See also
Footnotes and references
- ^ See, e.g., Michael Dummett, The Origins of Analytical Philosophy (Harvard University Press, 1994), or C. Prado, A House Divided: Comparing Analytic and Continental Philosophy (Prometheus/Humanity Books, 2003).
- ^ Monk, Ray. (1990) Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius.
- ^ Austin, John Langshaw. (1970) Philosophical Papers, 2nd Edition.
- ^ a b Rorty, Richard. (1979) Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.
- ^ Wiener, Philip. (1949) Evolution and the Founders of Pragmatism.
- ^ a b Russian Philosophy on IEP
- ^ The Strange Death of Ordinary Language Philosophy
- ^ Hubben, William. (1952) Four Prophets of Our Destiny.
- ^ Barrett, William. (1958) Irrational Man.
- ^ Cooper, David Edward. (1999) Existentialism, 2nd Edition.
- ^ Malik, Habib C. (1997) Receiving Søren Kierkegaard.
- ^ Weston, Michael. (1994) Kierkegaard and Modern Continental Philosophy.
Further reading
Topics
- Philosophy of mind
- Stich, Stephen P. The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind. ISBN 0631217754
- Smith, David Woodruff and Amie L. Thomasson. Phenomenology and Philosophy of Mind. ISBN 0199272441
- Philosophy of religion
- Creegan, Charles L. Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard. ISBN 0415000661
- Nielsen, Kai and D.Z. Phillips. Wittgensteinian Fideism? ISBN 0334040051
- Taliaferro, Charles and Philip L. Quinn. A Companion to the Philosophy of Religion. ISBN 0631213287
- Wainwright, William J. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion. ISBN 0195138090
- Zagzebski, Linda. Philosophy of Religion: An Historical Introduction. ISBN 1405118725
- Philosophy of science
- Feyerabend, Paul. Against Method. ISBN 0226467759
- Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. ISBN 0226458083
- Political philosophy
- Kymlicka, Will. Contemporary Political Philosophy. ISBN 0198782748
Schools
- Deconstruction
- Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. ISBN 0801858305
- Postanalytic philosophy
- Rorty, Richard. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. ISBN 0691020167
