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This article is about the number 10. For other uses of 'ten', see Ten. For other uses of the ordinal 10th, see Tenth.

10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11.

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← 9
11 →
10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
Cardinal ten
Ordinal 10th
(tenth)
Numeral system decimal
Factorization 2\cdot5
Divisors 1, 2, 5, 10
Roman numeral X
Unicode symbol(s) X, x
Greek Prefix deca-/deka-
Latin Prefix deci-
Binary 10102
Octal 128
Duodecimal A12
Hexadecimal A16
----
Chinese numeral 十 , 拾
Hebrew י (Yod)
Khmer ១០
Thai ๑๐
Look up ten in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Contents

In mathematics

Ten is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2 and 5. Ten is the smallest noncototient, a number that can not be expressed as the difference between any integer and the total number of coprimes below it.

Ten is the second discrete biprime (2.5) and the second member of the (2.q) discrete biprime family. Ten has an aliquot sum σ(n) of 8 and is accordingly the first discrete biprime to be in deficit. All subsequent discrete biprimes are in deficit. The aliquot sequence for 10 comprises five members (10,8,7,1,0) with this number being the second composite member of the 7-aliquot tree

Ten is a semi-meandric number.

Ten is the sum of the first three prime numbers and also of the first four factorials. Ten is the eighth Perrin number, preceded in the sequence by 5, 5, 7.

Ten squared equals 100.

A polygon with ten sides is a decagon, and 10 is a decagonal number. But it is also a triangular number and a centered triangular number.

Ten is the number of n-Queens Problem solutions for n = 5.

In numeral systems

Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, by far the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. Ten is the first two-digit number in decimal and thus the lowest number where the position of a numeral affects its value. Any integer written in the decimal system can be multiplied by ten by adding a zero to the end (e.g. 855 * 10 = 8550). The reason for the choice of ten is assumed to be that humans have ten fingers (digits).

The digit '1' followed by '0' is how the value of p is written in base p. (E.g. 16 in hexadecimal is 10.)

The Roman numeral for ten is X (which looks like two V's [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits displayed). The Chinese word numeral for ten is 十, which resembles a cross.

Base Numeral system Number
1 unary **********
2 binary 1010
3 ternary 101
4 quaternary 22
5 quinary 20
6 senary 14
7 septenary 13
8 octal 12
9 novenary 11
10 decimal 10
over 10 (e.g., hexadecimal) A

Ten is a Harshad number in bases 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and all others above.

List of basic calculations

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 50 100 1000
10 \times x 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 250 500 1000 10000
Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
10 \div x 10 5 3.\overline{3} 2.5 2 1.\overline{6} 1.\overline{4}2857\overline{1} 1.25 1.\overline{1} 1 0.\overline{9}\overline{0} 0.8\overline{3} 0.\overline{7}6923\overline{0} 0.\overline{7}1428\overline{5} 0.\overline{6}
x \div 10 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
10 ^ x\, 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000 1000000000 10000000000 100000000000 1000000000000 10000000000000
x ^ {10}\, 1 1024 59049 1048576 9765625 60466176 282475249 1073741824 3486784401 10000000000 25937424601 61917364224 137858491849

In science

Astronomy

In religion

  • People traditionally tithed one-tenth of their produce. The practice of tithing is still common in Christian churches today, though it is disputed in some circles as to whether or not it is required of Christians.
  • In Deuteronomy 26:12, the Torah commands Jews to give one-tenth of their produce to the poor (Ma'aser Ani). The commentaries derive from this and from an earlier verse (Deut. 14:22) that a Jew is obliged to give one-tenth of all his earnings to the poor [1].
  • The Ten Commandments
  • The Ten Plagues
  • The Ten Days of Repentance
  • The Ten Martyrs
  • There are said to be Ten Lost Tribes of Israel (those other than Judah and Benjamin)
  • There are Ten Sephirot in the Kabbalistic Tree of Life
  • The Torah records 10 generations between Adam and Noah, and 10 generations between Noah and Abraham
  • It takes 10 men or boys over the age of 13 to make a minyan for communal prayer

In money

In music

  • The interval of a major or minor tenth is an octave plus a major or minor third.
  • The title of quite a few albums, including recordings by Pearl Jam and LL Cool J. See Ten (album).

In sports

In technology

In other fields

10 playing cards of all four suits
10 playing cards of all four suits
  • Number of incarnations of The Doctor in the BBC science fiction television program Doctor Who
  • Increasing a quantity by one order of magnitude is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten.
  • The number of theatrical Star Trek films that have been released so far.
  • A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade.
  • A decapod crustacean has ten limbs.
  • To reduce something by one-tenth is to decimate. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one-tenth of the able-bodied men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)
  • With ten being the base of the decimal system, a scale of 1 to 10 is often used to rank things, as a smaller version of a 1-to-100 scale (as is used in percentages and wine-tasting).
  • Blake Edwards' 1979 movie 10.
  • Something that scores perfectly is "a perfect ten". A person who is attractive and physically flawless is often said to be "a ten", from the idea of ranking that person's appearance and sex-appeal on a 1-to-10 scale. For example, in the movie 10 Bo Derek is supposedly a "10" on that scale.
  • Counting from one to ten before speaking is often done in order to cool one's temper.
  • In astrology, Capricorn is the 10th astrological sign of the Zodiac.
  • In Chinese astrology, the 10 Heavenly Stems, refer to a cyclic number system that is used also for time reckoning.
  • The ordinal adjective is denary.
  • An online show hosted by Microsoft. [2]
  • Ben 10 is a show about a boy that can transform into 10 aliens.
  • A 1977 short documentary film Powers of Ten depicts the relative scale of the Universe in factors of ten (orders of magnitude).
  • CBS has a game show called Power of 10, where the player's prize goes up and down by either the previous or next power of ten.

Ten is:

Historical years

10 A.D., 10 B.C., 1910, 2010, etc.
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