1985
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Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). The year 1985 was declared International Youth Year by the United Nations.

Events of 1985

January

• January 15 - Tancredo Neves is elected president of Brazil by the Congress, ending the 21-year military rule.
• January 17 - British Telecom announces it is going to phase out its famous red telephone boxes.
• January 20 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan is privately sworn in for a second term in office (publicly sworn in, January 21).
• January 20 - The San Francisco 49ers defeat the Miami Dolphins 38-16 in Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, California.
• January 28 - In Hollywood, California, the charity single "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa.

February

• February 1 - AM stereo broadcasting starts in Australia.
• February 5 - Australia cancels its involvement in U.S.-led MX missile tests.
• February 9 - U.S. drug agent Enrique Camarena is kidnapped and murdered in Mexico (his body is discovered March 5).
• February 10 - Nelson Mandela rejects an offer of freedom from the South African government.
• February 11 - Pakistani bowler Wasim Akram takes 10 wickets in his second Test cricket match, but New Zealand still wins.
• February 14 - CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
• February 16 - Israel begins withdrawing troops from Lebanon.
• February 19 - William J. Schroeder becomes the first artificial heart patient to leave the hospital.
• February 19 - The China Airlines Flight 006 incident occurs.
• February 28 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.

March

• March 4 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States.
• March 6 - Mike Tyson makes his professional debut in Albany, New York, a match which he wins by a first round knockout.
• March 8 - A car bomb planted in Beirut by CIA mercenaries attempted to kill the Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah and kills more than 80 people, injures 200.
• March 11 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.
• March 11 - Mohammed Al Fayed buys the London-based department store company Harrods.
• March 14 - Five lionesses at the Singapore Zoo are put on birth control after the lion population increases from 2 to 16.
• March 15 - Vice-president Jose Sarney took oath as the first civilian president of Brazil in 21 years, as the elected president Tancredo Neves had become severely ill on the day before.
• March 16 - Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut. He is eventually released on December 4, 1991.
• March 24 - Norwich City win the English League Cup at Wembley Stadium, beating Sunderland 1-0 in the final.
• March 25 - The 57th Academy Awards are held at in Los Angeles, California with Amadeus winning Best Picture.
• March 31 - WrestleMania debuts at Madison Square Garden

April

• April 1 - Two Japanese government-owned corporations, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, are privatized and changed their names to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, and Japan Tobacco
• April 11 - USS Coral Sea collides with the Equadorian tanker ship Napo off the coast of Cuba.
• April 15 - South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages.
• April 18 - United Kingdom has its first ever national Glow-worm day.
• April 19 - The U.S.S.R performs a nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan.
• April 21 - Brazilian President Tancredo Neves dies, he is succeeded by Jose Sarney.
• April 23 - Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. (The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than 3 months.)
• April 28 - The Australian Nuclear Disarmament Party (NDP) splits.

May

• May 4 - The 30th Eurovision Song Contest takes place in Gothenburg, Sweden.
• May 5 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg, Germany, which includes the graves of 59 elite S.S. troops from World War II.
• May 11 - The FBI brings charges against the suspected heads of the 5 Mafia families in New York City.
• May 11 - Fire engulfs a wooden stand in the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford, England during a football match, killing 56.
• May 13 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mayor Wilson Goode orders police to storm the radical group MOVE's headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters, killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire.
• May 15 - An explosive device sent by the Unabomber injures John Hauser at UC Berkeley.
• May 23 - Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
• May 25 - Bangladesh is hit by a tropical cyclone and storm surge, which kills approximately 10,000 people.
• May 29 - Heysel Disaster: 38 spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the European Cup final between Liverpool F.C. and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.
• May 31 - Forty-one tornadoes hit in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.

June

• June 13 - In Auburn, Washington, police defuse a Unabomber bomb sent to Boeing.
• June 14 - TWA Flight 847, carrying 153 passengers from Athens to Rome, is hijacked by a Hezbollah fringe group. One passenger, U.S. Navy Petty Officer Robert Stethem, is killed.
• June 17 - John Hendricks launches the Discovery Channel in the United States.
• June 23 - Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard.
• June 24 - STS-51-G Space Shuttle Discovery completed its mission, best remembered for having Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a Payload Specialist.
• June 25 - Irish police foil an Irish Republican Army-sponsored 'mainland bombing campaign' which targeted luxury vacationing resorts, arresting 13 suspects.
• June 26 - Walt Disney World Resort Monorail Gold catches fire on the EPCOT beam around 9:00pm due to friction from a flat tire.
• June 27 - Route 66 is officially decommissioned.
• Tetris was released

July

• July 4 - Ruth Lawrence, 13, achieves a first in mathematics at Oxford University, becoming the youngest British person ever to earn a first-class degree and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University.
• July 10 - The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland harbour by French DGSE agents.
• July 13 - Live Aid pop concerts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and London raise over £50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia.
• July 13 - U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush served as Acting President for eight hours, while President Ronald W. Reagan underwent colon cancer surgery.
• July 19 - U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
• July 19 - The Val di Stava Dam in Italy collapses.
• July 20 - The main ship wreck site of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha (which sank in 1622) is found 40 miles off the coast of Key West, Florida by treasure hunters who begin to excavate $400 million in coins and silver.
• July 24 - Commodore launches the Amiga personal computer at the Lincoln Center in New York.

August

• August 2 - Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes near Dallas, Texas, killing 137 people.
• August 4 - Major League Baseball player Rod Carew of the Anaheim Angels becomes the 16th player to achieve 3,000 hits in a career.
• August 6 - In Hiroshima, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.
• August 7 - Takao Doi, Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts.
• August 12 - Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes in Japan, killing 520 people: the worst single-aircraft disaster in history.

September

• September 1 - A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic.
• September 5 - John Howard replaces Andrew Peacock as Australian Federal Opposition Leader.
• September 6 - Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9, crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
• September 19 - An 8.1 Richter scale earthquake strikes Mexico City. More than 9,000 people are killed, 30,000 injured, and 95,000 left homeless.
• September 22 - Plaza Accord was signed by five nations.
• September 28 - The shooting of Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce by the Metropolitan Police sparks race riots in Brixton, an area of South London, England.
• September 29 - MacGyver Pilot episode aired on the ABC network.

October

• October 1 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters near Tunis.
• October 4 - The Free Software Foundation is founded in Massachusetts, USA.
• October 7 - The cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by 4 heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. One passenger, American Leon Klinghoffer, is killed.
• October 18 - The Nintendo Entertainment System is released in US stores.

November

• November 5 - Mark Kaylor defeats Errol Christie to become middleweight boxing champion after the two brawled in front of the cameras at the weigh-in.
• November 13 - Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars in the town of Armero, Colombia.
• November 15 - In separate events, mail bombs kill two people in Salt Lake City, Utah; a third bomb explodes the next day, injuring career counterfeiter Mark Hoffman. The ensuing police investigation leads to the arrest of Hoffman for the two murders.
• November 18 - Comic strip Calvin and Hobbes Debuts in 35 newspapers
• November 19 - Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
• November 20 - Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0.
• November 23 - EgyptAir Flight 648 hijacked by Abu Nidal group, flown to Malta, where Egyptian commandos storm plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.
• November 26 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
• November 29 - Gerard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles, is assassinated in London.

December

• December 1 - The Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable are released for sale to the public.
• December 12 - Arrow Air Flight 1285, a Douglas DC-8, crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing 256, 248 of whom were U.S. servicemen returning to Fort Campbell, Kentucky from overseeing a peacekeeping force in Sinai.
• December 16 - In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family. During the shootout Andrew Bearse was born in the middle of the street. His mother was hit by a stray bullet which forced her into early labor. He survived and currently resides in Detroit, Michigan.
• December 24 - Right wing extremist David Lewis Rice murders civil rights attorney Charles Goldmark as well as Goldmark's wife and 2 children in Seattle. Rice suspected the family of being Jewish and Communist and claimed his dedication to the Christian Identity movement drove him to the crime.
• December 27 - Rome and Vienna airport attacks: Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.
• December 27 - American naturalist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda.
• December 31 - The last issue of The Columbus Citizen-Journal is circulated.

Undated

• The Australian state of Victoria celebrates its 150th anniversary.
• Capital gains tax introduced to Australia.
• Buckyballs discovered by Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley.
• GNU Manifesto first written by Richard Stallman.
• Western Sahara is admitted to the Organization of African Unity; Morocco, which claims Western Sahara, leaves in protest.
• Solarquest, space age real estate game, first published by Golden.
• Norma Phillips Thornworth elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
• ATI Technologies is founded.
• NeXT is founded by Steve Jobs after resigning from Apple Computer.
• Tommy Hilfiger brand established
• Tetris released
• DNA is first used in a criminal case^[1]
• Greenland leaves the European Union.
• Multiple cases of espionage in the United States prompts media to label this "The Year of the Spy"

Ongoing

The Cold War

Fictional

The following are references to year 1985 in fiction:

• Film:

• In the Back to the Future trilogy (1985, 1989, 1990), the present time is 1985. The events depicted in 1985 occur on October 25th, 26th and 27th of that year, which the films accurately portray as a Friday and the following weekend.
• The Wedding Singer (1998) is set in 1985.

• Literature:

• The Third World War, August 1985 (1978) and The Third World War: The Untold Story (1982) by Sir John Hackett: The Soviet Union invades Western Europe over three weeks in August.
• The Eyre Affair by Jasper Fforde is set in an alternate-reality 1985.

• Computer/video games:

• Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis (2001)

• Graphic Novels:

• The graphic novel Watchmen by Alan Moore is set in an alternate 1985.

World population

World population
	1985	1980		1990
World	4,830,979,000	4,434,682,000	396,297,000	5,263,593,000	432,614,000
Africa	541,814,000	469,618,000	72,196,000	622,443,000	80,629,000
Asia	2,887,552,000	2,632,335,000	255,217,000	3,167,807,000	280,255,000
Europe	706,009,000	692,431,000	13,578,000	721,582,000	15,573,000
Latin America	401,469,000	361,401,000	40,068,000	441,525,000	40,056,000
Northern America	269,456,000	256,068,000	13,388,000	283,549,000