1905
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Year 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Overview

As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to a revolution against the Tsar. Canada and the U.S. expand west, with the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces and the founding of Las Vegas. The April earthquake in India, killing 20,000, foreshadows the 1906 earthquakes.

Russian Revolution of 1905

Year 1905 is also the annus mirabilis of Albert Einstein, publishing papers that laid the foundations of quantum physics, introduces the special theory of relativity, explains Brownian motion and proves the existence of atoms.

Events of 1905

January

• January 1 - The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens after its completion on July 21, 1904.
• January 2 - Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur, China.
• January 5 - The play The Scarlet Pimpernel opens at the New Theatre in London and begins a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals
• January 22 (January 9 O.S.) - Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905.
• January 26 - The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa at the Premier Mine.

February

February 23: Rotary founded.

• February 12 - In Christchurch, New Zealand, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is opened.
• February 16 - At Haulbowline Base in Ireland, two explosions onboard the HM Submarine A5, due to petrol fumes after refueling, kill 6 of 11 crew.
• February 17 - At Fremantle, Western Australia, the R.M.S. Orizaba wrecks, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved.
• February 19 - Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria.
• February 23 - Rotary founded.

March

March 3: Nicholas II creates the Duma.

• March 1 - Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia.
• March 3 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
• March 4 - US. President Theodore Roosevelt begins full term.
• March 5 - Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden after losing 100,000 troops in three days.
• March 10
  • Russo-Japanese War: Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.
  • Cassie Chadwick sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland for fraud.
• March 14 - Chelsea FC founded
• March 17 - Albert Einstein publishes his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light" in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta.
• March 31 - German emperor William II asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.

April

• April - Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion.
• April 2 - The Simplon Tunnel is officially opened through the Alps.
• April 4 - In India, an earthquake near Kangra kills 20,000.
• April 7 - The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York's eight-hour-day law in Lochner v. New York.

May

May 15: Las Vegas, Nevada is founded with auction of 110 acres.

• May 11 - Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation "On the Motion of Small Particles...", in which he explains Brownian motion. In the course of the year, Einstein publishes four papers, formulates the theory of special relativity and explains the photoelectric effect by quantization. 1905 is regarded as his "miracle year".
• May 13 - Mata Hari debuts in Paris.
• May 15 - Las Vegas, Nevada is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km²), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
• May 27-28 - Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Tsushima - The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in a two-day battle.

May 11: Einstein submits his dissertation.

June

• June 7 - Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved and Norway achieves full independence.
• June 9 - Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded.
• June 15 - Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden.
• June 27 - (June 14 according to the Julian calendar): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin.
• June 30 - Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" where he reveals his theory of special relativity.

July

• July 6 - Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
• July 29 - Taft-Katsura Agreement.

August

• August 13 - Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
• August 15 - First All-Russian Congress of Muslims is held in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia).

September

• September 1 - The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
• September 5 - Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth is signed. In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by victor Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
• September 5 - First forward pass is thrown in professional American football.

October

October 3: HMS Dreadnought.

• October 2 - HMS Dreadnought is laid down, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
• October 5 - Wright Brothers third aeroplane, Wright Flyer III stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting. This is the first aeroplane flight lasting over 1/2 an hour.
• October 16 - Russian Revolution of 1905: Russian army opens fire in a meeting on a street market in Estonia, killing 94 and injuring over 200.
• October 26 - Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway.
• October 30 - Tsar Nicholas II is forced to grant Russia's first constitution, conceding a national assembly (Duma) with limited powers.

November

• November 9 - The Province of Alberta, Canada holds its first general election.
• November 18 - Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
• November 28 - Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.

December

• December 30 - Bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho. Case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.

Undated

• Women given vote and admitted to practice of law in Queensland.
• Workers Compensation introduced in Queensland.
• The title Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is officially recognized by King Edward VII.
• Pathé Frères colors black and white films by machine.
• Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are banned from the Brooklyn Public Library for setting a "bad example."
• Neo-Druidic rituals begin in Stonehenge.
• Alfred Einhorn introduces novocaine.
• The first U-boat is launched.
• Wolves are extinct in Japan by this date.
• The Fauvism movement is founded, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain.
• The word "lime" is first used to describe a color.
• Civil service examinations are abolished in China.

Ongoing

• Russo-Japanese War
• 1904-1905 Welsh Revival

Births

January-February

• January 2 - Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)
• January 3
  • Anna May Wong, American actress (d. 1961)
  • Ray Milland, Welsh actor (d.1986)
• January 4 - Sterling Holloway, American actor (d. 1992)
• January 8 - Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (d. 1988)
• January 12
  • James Bennett Griffin, American archaeologist (d. 1997)
  • Tex Ritter, American actor and singer (d. 1974)
• January 18 - Joseph Bonanno, American gangster (d. 2002)
• January 19 - Stanley Hawes, British-born Australian film producer, director and administrator (d. 1991)
• January 21 - Christian Dior, French couturier (d. 1957)
• January 26
  • Charles Lane, American actor (d. 2007)
  • Maria von Trapp, Austrian singer (d. 1987)
• January 29 - Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
• January 31 - John O'Hara, American writer (d. 1970)
• February 1 - Emilio G. Segrè, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
• February 2 - Ayn Rand, American author (d. 1982)
• February 4 - Hylda Baker, English actress (d. 1986)
• February 7 - Paul Nizan, French author (d. 1940)
• February 10 - Walter A. Brown, American basketball and ice hockey pioneer (d. 1964)
• February 14 - Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)
• February 15 - Harold Arlen, American composer of popular music (d. 1986)
• February 23 - Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (d. 1991)
• February 27 - Franchot Tone, American actor (d. 1968)

March-April

• March 3 - Marie Glory, French silent screen actress
• March 6 - Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)
• March 15
  • Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and Nazi opponent (d. 1944)
  • Taj Salmonski, Polish racing driver
• March 16 - Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d. 1977)
• March 18
  • Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (d. 1985)
  • Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
  • Benny Friedman, American football player (d. 1982)
• March 19 - Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981)
• March 20 - Vera Panova, Soviet-Russian writer (d. 1973)
• March 23
  • Lale Andersen, German singer (d. 1972)
  • Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)
• March 25 - Pura Santillan-Castrence, Filipino writer and diplomat (d. 2007)
• March 27 - Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (d. 1980)
• April 7 - Queenie Leonard, American actress (d. 2002)
• April 21 - Edmund G. Brown, Governor of California (d. 1996)

May-June

• May 3 - Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1988)
• May 8 - Red Nichols, American jazz musician (d. 1965)
• May 14 - Herbert Morrison, American radio reporter (d. 1989)
• May 15 - Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
• May 16 - Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
• May 20 - Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (d. 1962)
• May 29 - Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d. 1994)
• June 12 - Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1975)
• June 23 - Mary Livingstone, American radio comedian (d. 1983)

July-August

• July 4 - Irving Johnson, American sail training pioneer (d. 1991)
• July 5 - Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d. 1935)
• July 8 - Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (d. 1997)
• July 12
  • Edward Bernds, American director (d. 2000)
  • Prince John of the United Kingdom (d. 1919)
• July 13 - Alfredo M. Santos, Philippino general (d. 1990)
• July 15 - Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1988)
• July 22 - Doc Cramer, American baseball player (d. 1990)
• July 23 - Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor
• July 25 - Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d. 1994)
• July 29 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General (d. 1961)
• August 2 - Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963)
• August 3 - Franz König, Austrian Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 2004)
• August 5 - Wassily Leontief, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
• August 8 - André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974)
• August 11 - Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
• August 16 - Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician and cryptologist (d. 1980)
• August 20 - Jean Gebser, German-born author, linguist and poet (d. 1973)
• August 23 - Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)
• August 29 - Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey player (d. 1979)
• August 31 - Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (d. 1980)

September-October

• September 1 - Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d.2000)
• September 3 - Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• September 5 - Justiniano Montano, Filipino politician (d. 2005)
• September 18
  • Eddie Anderson, American actor (d. 1977)
  • Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
• September 22
  • Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)
  • Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician
• September 24 - Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• September 26 - Emilio Navarro, Puerto Rican baseball player
• September 28 - Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
• September 30
  • Savitri Devi, Greek writer and National Socialist philosopher (d. 1982)
  • Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
  • Michael Powell, British director (d. 1990)
• October 5 - Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (d. 1998)
• October 23 - Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)

November-December

• November 4 - Dragutin Tadijanović, Croatian poet (d. 2007)
• November 7 - William Alwyn, English composer (d. 1985)
• November 9 - Erika Mann, German author and war correspondent (d. 1969)
• November 15 - Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (d. 1980)
• November 17 - Queen Astrid of Belgium (d. 1935)
• November 26 - Bob Johnson, American baseball player (d. 1982)
• December 11 - Gilbert Roland, Mexican-born American actor (d. 1994)
• December 17 - Simo Häyhä, Finnish sniper (d. 2002)
• December 21 - Anthony Powell, British author (d. 2000)
• December 22 - Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (d. 1982)
• December 24 - Howard Hughes, American film maker, industrialist, aircraft designer, and airline founder (d. 1976)
• December 27 - Leonard Goldenson, American television executive (d. 1999)
• December 30 - Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)
• date unknown - Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d. 1970)

Deaths

January - June

• January 14 - Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b. 1840)
• January 19 - Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b. 1817)
• February 4 - Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (b. 1841)
• February 20 - Jeremiah W. Farnham, American merchant captain (b. c.1828)
• March 6 - John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
• March 24 - Jules Verne, French author (b. 1828)
• March 26 - Maurice Barrymore, British actor (b. 1849)
• March 28 - Huang Zunxian, Chinese poet and writer (b. 1848)
• April 24 - Touch the Clouds, Miniconjou Teton Sioux chief, (b. 1836)
• June 1 - Émile Delahaye, French automotive pioneer (b. 1843)
• June 3 - James Hudson Taylor, British missionary (b. 1832)
• June 22 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b. 1815)

July - December

• July 8 - Walter Kittredge, American musician and composer (b. 1834)
• July 11 - Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian philosopher and jurist (b. 1849)
• August 14 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
• September 13 - René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
• September 14 - Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Franco-Italian explorer (b. 1852)
• September 18 - George MacDonald, Scottish author, poet and Christian minister (b. 1824)
• September 19 - Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b. 1845)
• October 3 - José María de Heredia, French poet (b. 1842)
• October 13 - Sir Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)
• October 15 - Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov, Russian general (b. 1830)
• October 29 - Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)
• November 2 - Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist (b. 1817)
• December 12 - Reimond Stijns, Belgian writer (b. 1850)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics - Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
• Chemistry - Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
• Medicine - Robert Koch
• Literature - Henryk Sienkiewicz
• Peace - Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner

See also

Notes

External links

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