1854

1854
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "1854".

For the board game, see 1854 (board game).

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Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
Years:	1851 1852 1853 - 1854 - 1855 1856 1857

1854 in topic:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science
Sports - Rail Transport
Countries: Australia - Canada - Germany - Ireland - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - U.S. - UK
Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors
Category: Establishments - Disestablishments
Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

1 Events of 1854
2 Births
- 2.1 January - June
- 2.2 July - December
3 Deaths
- 3.1 January - June
4 July - December deaths

Events of 1854

January - June

January 21 - Loss of the RMS Tayleur - 380 drowned, later dubbed "the first Titanic".
January 3 - Charles Dickens commences writing the novel Hard Times
February 11 - Major streets lit by coal gas for first time.
February 13 - Mexican troops force William Walker and his troops to retreat to Sonora.
February 14 - Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
February 17 - The British recognize the independence of the Orange Free State. The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared six days later.
February 27 - Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from two Ottoman provinces it had conquered, Moldavia and Wallachia.
March 1 - German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears, two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
March 3 - Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, opens.
March 11- Royal Navy fleet sails from Britain under Vice Admiral Sir Charles Napier.
March 20 - The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
March 27 - United Kingdom declares war on Russia - Crimean War begins.
March 28 - France declares war on Russia.
March 31 - Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy, signs the Treaty/Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, to be precise, Tokugawa Shogunate, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade. (See History of Japan)
April 1 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens' magazine, Household Words.
May 18 - Foundation of the Catholic University of Ireland, the forerunner of University College Dublin.
May 27 - Taiping Rebellion: United States minister Robert McLane arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the USS Susquehanna.
May 30 - Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law, rescinding the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and creating Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory. Provision that settlers will vote on slavery in the new territories leads to Bleeding Kansas violence beginning the next year.
June - The Grand Excursion takes prominent Eastern United States inhabitants from Chicago, Illinois to Rock Island, Illinois by railroad, then up the Mississippi River to St. Paul, Minnesota by steamboat.
June 10 - The first class of the United States Naval Academy graduate at Annapolis, Maryland.
June 21 - In the battle at Bomarsund in Åland, Royal Navy mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live Russian artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes - the incident is the first that will be retroactively awarded the Victoria Cross in 1857.

July - December

July 6 - In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the U.S. Republican Party is held.
August 16 - Russian troops in the island of Bomarsund in Åland surrender to French-British troops.
September 20 - Crimean War: At the Alma, the French-British alliance wins the first battle of the war.
October 1 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham to become the Waltham Watch Company, pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
October 6 - The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead is ignited by a spectacular explosion
October 17 - Newspaper The Age is founded in Melbourne, Australia.
October 21 - Florence Nightingale leaves for Crimea with 38 other nurses.
October 25 - Crimean War: The Battle of Balaclava occurs, overall a victory for the allies, but it included the disastrous cavalry Charge of the Light Brigade, from which only 200 of 700 men survive.
November 5 - Crimean War: Russians lose at the Battle of Inkerman.
November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
November 28 - Eureka Stockade; Miner's Rebellion in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
December 8 - Pope Pius IX in the Papal Bull Ineffabilis Deus defines ex Cathedra the dogma of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin.

Undated

Original map by Dr John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854

The Polyglotta Africana, an early classification of African languages based on field work under freed slaves in Freetown, Sierra Leone, is published by Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle.
Ignacy Lukasiewicz drilled the world's first oil well in Poland in Bóbrka near Krosno.
Frederick Augustus Albert succeeds to the throne of Saxony.
Chemistry Professor Benjamin Silliman, of Yale University is the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation.
Abraham Pineo Gesner invents a process for extracting kerosene from coal.
Said Pasha succeeds his nephew Abbas as pasha of Egypt.
A Russian fort is established at the present site of Almaty.
Aurora, Ontario is first settled.
The Ambrotype is introduced for photography.
An epidemic of cholera in London kills 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.
The Iceland trade is opened to foreigners.
The French fashion label Louis Vuitton is founded.

Ongoing events

Crimean War (1854-1856)
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

Births

**1854 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1854 MDCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita	2607
Armenian calendar	1303 ԹՎ ՌՅԳ
Bahá'í calendar	10 – 11
Berber calendar	2804
Buddhist calendar	2398
Burmese calendar	1216
Byzantine calendar	7362 – 7363
Chinese calendar	癸丑年十二月初三日 (4490/4550-12-3) — to — 甲寅年十一月十二日 (4491/4551-11-12)
Coptic calendar	1570 – 1571
Ethiopian calendar	1846 – 1847
Hebrew calendar	5614 – 5615
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1909 – 1910
- Shaka Samvat	1776 – 1777
- Kali Yuga	4955 – 4956
Holocene calendar	11854
Iranian calendar	1232 – 1233
Islamic calendar	1270 – 1271
Japanese calendar	Kaei 7Ansei 1 (安政元年)
Korean calendar	4187
Thai solar calendar	2397
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