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White, John H., Jr. (1968). A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830-1880. New York, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-23818-0.
^ Lewin, Henry Grote (1936). The Railway Mania and its aftermath, 1845-1852. London: Railway Gazette.
^ Busbey, T. Addison, editor (1906). The Biographical Directory of the Railway Officials of America, Edition of 1906. Chicago, Illinois: Railway Age, 666.