August 9 - In the United Kingdom, the Railway Regulation Act 1844 (officially: An Act to attach certain Conditions to the Construction of future Railways) requires every railway company to run at least one passenger train a day in both directions along the length of each of its lines, calling at every station. The maximum fare for journeys by these trains (soon to become known as Parliamentaries) is fixed at one penny per mile (1.6 km), and it is a further requirement of the Act that the carriages used on these trains be provided with seats and afford passengers protection from the weather.