1822
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Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1822

January - June

Destroy of ottoman flagship at Chios by Kanaris

• February 9 - The invading Haitian forces led by Jean Pierre Boyer, arrive in Santo Domingo, to overthrow the newly funded Republic.
• May 24 - Battle of Pichincha: Simón Bolívar secures the independence of Quito.
• June 14 - Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine.

July - December

• July 8 - Chippewas turn over huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom.
• July 13 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
• July 26 - José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.
• July 27 - Simón Bolívar and general José de San Martín meet in Guayaquil. Bolívar later annexes Guayaquil. (See Guayaquil conference)

June 14: Babbage's Difference engine.

• July 28 - Independence Day in Peru (see History of Peru).
• July 31 - Last public whipping in Edinburgh.
• August 12 - St David's College (now the University of Wales, Lampeter) founded by Bishop Thomas Burgess.
• August 22 - The English ship Orion landed at Yerba Buena, now named San Francisco, under the command of William A. Richardson
• September 7 - Brazil declares its independence from Portugal (see Brazilian independence).
• September 16 - George Canning appointed British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
• September 22 - Portugal approves its first Constitution.
• October 12 - Peter I of Brazil declared constitutional emperor of the Brazilian Empire.
• October-December - Congress of Verona at which Russia, Austria and Prussia approve French intervention in Spain.
• November 13 - Greek War of Independence: Nafplion falls to the Greek rebels.
• December 1 - Peter I is crowned as Emperor of Brazil (see The reign of Pedro I, 1822-31.)

Undated

Jean-François Champollion

• Hieroglyphs deciphered by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion using the Rosetta Stone.
• Galileo Galilei's Dialogue taken off the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, the Roman Catholic Church's list of banned books.
• Ashley's Hundred leave from St. Louis setting off a major increase in fur trade.
• An earthquake in Chile raises the coastal area.
• Coffee ban in Sweden abolished.
• Britain repeals death penalty for over 100 crimes. (See Capital punishment in the United Kingdom).
• First group of freed slaves from USA arrive to modern-day Liberia and founded Monrovia. (See History of Liberia.)
• Graham Cracker developed in Bound Brook, New Jersey by Presbyterian minister Rev. Sylvester Graham.
• Gist Masion is built in Wellsburg, West Virginia, which some 100 years later is used for the Brooke Hills Spooktacular.

Births

• January 2 - Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (d. 1888)
• January 6 - Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (d. 1890)
• January 28 - Alexander Mackenzie, second Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1892)
• February 4 - Edward Fitzgerald Beale, American Navy Lieutenant and explorer
• February 16 - Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (d. 1911)
• March 4 - Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
• April 3 - Edward Everett Hale, American writer (d. 1909)
• April 27 - Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (d. 1885)
• May 20 - Frédéric Passy, French economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1912)
• May 26 - Edmond de Goncourt, French writer (d. 1896)
• June 10 - John Jacob Astor III, American businessman (d. 1890)
• July 18 - Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
• July 20 - Gregor Mendel, Czech geneticist (d. 1884)
• October 4 - Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States (d. 1893)
• December 10 - César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (d. 1890)
• December 24 - Matthew Arnold, English poet (d. 1888)
• December 27 - Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist and chemist (d. 1895)

See also Category: 1822 births.

Deaths

• July 8 - Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (b. 1792)
• August 12 - Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, British foreign secretary (suicide) (b. 1769)
• August 25 - William Herschel, German-born astronomer (b. 1738)

See also Category: 1822 deaths.

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1822