William Gilbert's A New Philosophy of Our Sublunar World is published posthumously. It theorises that the fixed stars are not all the same distance from Earth, and that the force of magnetism holds the planets in orbit around the Sun.
Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli publishes a map of the Moon. It gives names to many features which are still used today.
Chemistry
German scientist Johann Glauber publishes Opera omnia chymica (Complete Works of Chemistry) which is a description of different techniques in chemistry.