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1054
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "1054" .
Events
February — Battle of Mortemer : The Normans defeat a French army as it is caught pillaging and plundering. King Henry I of France withdraws his main army from Normandy as a result.
April 30, Rosdalla Ireland: Earliest known European tornado.
July 4 — The SN 1054 supernova is recorded by the Chinese , Arab and possibly Native Americans near the star ζ Tauri . For 23 days it remains bright enough to be seen in daylight. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula (NGC 1952).[1]
July 16 - Cardinal Humbertus , a representative of Pope Leo IX , and Michael Cerularius , Patriarch of Constantinople , decree each other's excommunication . Most historians look to this act as the final step in the initiation of the Great Schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian Churches . In 1965, those excommunications are rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras when they meet in the Second Vatican Council . However, to this day each church claims to be the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church and each denies the other's right to that name.
July 27 - Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland to support Malcolm Canmore against Macbeth , who usurped the Scottish throne from Malcolm's father, King Duncan. Macbeth is defeated at Dunsinane .
Deaths
References
^ Journal of Astronomy, part 9, chapter 56 of Sung History (Sung Shih) first printing, 1340. facsimile on the frontispiece of Misner, Thorne, Wheeler Gravitation , 1973.
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